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He became lord chancellor after Cardinal Wolsey was dismissed late in 1529. At that time, Henry VIII was engaged in a bitter battle with the Roman Catholic Church. He wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn. More resigned his office because he could not support the king's policy against the pope. In April, 1534, More was imprisoned for refusing to swear to the Oath of Supremacy, the preamble to a law called the Act of Succession. The oath stated that Henry VIII ranked above all foreign rulers, including the pope. More was convicted of high treason on perjured (falsely sworn) evidence and was beheaded outside the Tower of London on July 6, 1535. Thomas More has since become an example of the individual who places conscience above the claims of secular authority. It was because of these strong beliefs and his martyrdom that the Catholic Church declared him a saint in 1935.
More's personality combined intense concern for the problems of his day and spiritual detachment from worldly affairs. He was a devoted family man, and lived a plain, simple, private life. He was famed for his merry wit. Yet to the people of his day, More was a contradictory figure - merriest when he seemed saddest and saddest when he appeared most happy. He was also a patron of the arts. His friends included the humanist Erasmus and the artist Hans Holbein.
More's sympathetic philosophy is best reflected in Utopia (written in Latin in 1516). Utopia is an account of an ideal society, with justice and equality for all citizens.

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