Bicycle Helmets
Cycling is increasing in popularity as a sport and in recreation. However, head injuries from bicycle accidents may cause brain damage or death. Bicycle helmets will significantly reduce the severity of injury.
The Canadian Standards Association has developed a bicycle helmet standard that offers basic performance requirements which the helmet must meet. These include the ability to withstand a series of impact tests, a test of the strength of the helmet retention system (chin strap), and minimum head coverage requirements. Look for the CSA label when purchasing a helmet.
When purchasing a helmet, several factors must be considerred; (soft, thin or hardshell), weight, coolness, fit, and price. The price of cycling helmets varies with the type of helmet and brand.
Type of Helmet: Softshell, Hardshell, or Thinshell
Most bicycle helmets contain a thick foam liner made of expanded polystyrene that absorbs energy during impact. Softshell helmets are made of foam only and are extremely lightweight. However, they may not protect the rider against sharp objects which may puncture the helmet.
Hardshell helmets have a thick layer of plastic or fibreglass covering the foam. This layer may protect the rider from penetration of sharp objects. Such helmets may also withstand occasional bumps during handling without damaging their exterior. However, these helmets are heavier than the soft shell helmets.
Thinshell helmets consist of a thin or "microshell" layer of plastic over the foam liner. This helmet is similar to the hardshell but is much lighter in weight while improving the durability of the outer surface of the foam liner.
Younger children require a lighter helmet due to their developing neck muscles which may not be able to support a heavier helmet. If unsure of your child's ability to support the weight of a helmet, consult your physician.
Fit
Make sure the helmet fits snugly and is comfortable. Check for stability. When purchasing a helmet, try it on. Adjust the straps and comfort pads and attempt to pull the helmet off your head. The helmet should not move much or come off. Try on several different helmet models - they all seem to fit slightly differently. To be effective, the helmet should sit completely level on the head. It should not be inclined too far forward or back on the head.
Attachment System
The front and rear straps should meet just below each ear when tightly adjusted. The chin strap should be snug without pinching.
Ventilation
Coolness of the helmet is an important feature for many cyclists. Heat is created during exercise and rises through the head. Air vents allow the heat to escape providing coolness and sweat control. Large front vents usually provide better air flow.
Visibility
Look for brightly coloured helmets for visibility and style. Some helmets have reflective strips that enhance visibility. Black helmets are difficult for motorists to see.
Replacement
Helmets are designed to crush on inmpact. Therefore, replace the helmet when it has been involved in a crash. Normal wear and tear may put dents in the helmet which may decrease its safety. The helmet is less protective but the damage may not be visible.
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